![]() ![]() Therefore, in this chapter, the most relevant materials that have been reported for mechanical augmentation of 3D-printed scaffolds are reviewed. 4D printing enables us to fabricate dynamic structures which can cha nge their shapes, f unctions or properties along with time when appropriate external stimuli (e.g., water, pH, te mperature. Various inorganic materials were reported, including metal composites, metal oxides, and ceramic materials. Different sources were reviewed in this chapter involving 3D structures for industrial applications and 3D-printed scaffolds for biomedical applications. This catapult can achieve high-speed ejection with the logically stimuli of external force, temperature, light, humidity, or electricity. The overall aim is to provide a relatively exhaustive account of the various inorganic materials applied for 3D printing innovation. Particularly, the utilization of inorganic materials to reinforce 3D-printed scaffolds as reported in the current literature is highlighted. ![]() Botanical systems have evolved the intriguing ability to respond to diverse stimuli due to longterm survival competition. The current chapter focuses on potential techniques that are applicable for the augmentation of mechanical properties of 3D-printed scaffolds. Biomimetic 4D4DPrintingprinting Sydney Gladmana,b,1, Elisabetta A. The miniature biomimetic 4D printing of pHresponsive hydrogel is reported in spatiotemporal domain by femtosecond laser direct writing, showcasing its possibilities in micromanipulation, singlecell analysis, and drug delivery. Several methods have been utilized to augment the mechanical properties of the 3D-printed scaffolds. Download Citation PDF 2. ![]() This artificial breathing actuator with photothermal and catalytical properties provides a strategy in designing intelligent hydrogel systems and proves to be a highly promising material candidates in the fields of 3D/4D printing, automated robotics, and smart biomedical devices.Mechanical properties of three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds are critical for their biomedical applications. Inspired by these botanical systems, we printed composite hydrogel architectures that are encoded with localized, anisotropic swelling behaviour controlled. Using cellulose fibers as fillers, a biomimetic 4D printing was reported 98. Biomimetic 4D printing Lewis Lab HOME / PUBLICATIONS / Biomimetic 4D printing Citation: Amelia Gladman, Elisabetta Matsumoto, Ralph Nuzzo, Lakshminarayanan Mahadevan, and Jennifer Lewis. Notably, 4D printing can greatly facilitate and simplify the actuator fabrication process, including adjusting the size and layer compositions. Additionally, the catalase-like property of nanothylakoid imparts the actuator with O-2 evolution capability to breathe for further mimicking botanical systems. Upon thermal stimulation or laser irradiation, the actuator can reversibly bend/unbend because of the photothermal conversion of nanothylakoid and the printed thermoresponsive asymmetric bilayer structure. The printed breathing actuators featured with spinach leaf-derived thylakoid membrane (nanothylakoid) for photothermal conversion and catalytical O-2 evolution, a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA) thermoresponsive polymer network for generating deformation forces by swelling/shrinkage (rehydration/dehydration), and an asymmetric bilayer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/polyacrylamide (PNIPA/PAA) structure to amplify the mechanical motions. Both the natural concept generator (Bhutan pinecone scale) and the biomimetic technical structure (4D printed scale) were comparatively investigated as to. Herein, 4D printed-smart hydrogel actuators are reported that can not only dynamically deform but also generate oxygen (O-2) upon external stimulations. 508 693 Academic Web Pages /wp-content/uploads/2018/09/clear. Shape-morphing actuators, which can breathe with the accompany of morphology changes to mimic botanical events, are challenging to fabricate with soft hydrogel materials. Lewis, Nature Materials, 1 5, 413-19, 2016. Neri Oxman Title: Assistant Professor of Media Arts and Sciences, Program in Media Arts and Sciences 4D Printing: Towards Biomimetic. Hao Zhao, Yiming Huang, Fengting Lv, Libing Liu, Qi Gu, and Shu Wang Biomimetic 4D-Printed Breathing Hydrogel Actuators by Nanothylakoid and Thermoresponsive Polymer Networks ![]()
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